中国 / China
本页中文在前，并在同一页面提供英文说明，集中整理中国（PRC）围绕南海争端的政策主张、法律文件、官方声明、白皮书、立场文件、外交照会、海警执法和区域外交。 Chinese comes first on this page, with English in the same section for comparative reading.
本页采取研究门户的中立写法：先准确呈现中国（PRC）官方如何表述其主张，再把这些主张放入《联合国海洋法公约》、2016年仲裁、周边国家抗议、以及海上执法实践的争议结构中理解。
This page uses a neutral research format: it first records how China (PRC) states its own position, then situates those claims within UNCLOS, the 2016 arbitration, protests by neighboring states, and operational practice at sea.
一、政策主张 / Policy Position
中国（PRC）的官方立场以“南海诸岛”为核心概念，主张东沙群岛、西沙群岛、中沙群岛和南沙群岛及其相关海域构成中国在南海的领土主权和海洋权益基础。
China (PRC) frames its position around Nanhai Zhudao: Dongsha, Xisha, Zhongsha, and Nansha island groups are presented as the territorial and maritime-rights basis for its South China Sea claims.
官方文件通常把岛礁主权、基于岛礁的海域权利、以及历史性权利并列陈述；这也是与2016年仲裁裁决及其他沿岸国主张发生冲突的法律核心。
Official documents usually combine sovereignty over features, maritime entitlements generated from those features, and historic rights. This is the core legal point contested by the 2016 award and other coastal-state positions.
中国（PRC）强调由“直接有关国家”通过谈判协商解决领土与海洋划界争端，在最终解决前通过规则、机制和务实合作管控分歧。
China (PRC) emphasizes negotiation and consultation by directly concerned states, with rule-making, mechanisms, and practical cooperation used to manage disputes before final settlement.
中国（PRC）把《南海各方行为宣言》（DOC）和“南海行为准则”（COC）磋商作为区域管控框架，同时反对域外力量以航行自由、同盟合作或仲裁裁决为由介入争端。
China (PRC) treats the DOC and COC consultations as the regional management framework, while opposing external involvement through freedom-of-navigation operations, alliance coordination, or reliance on the arbitral award.
二、法律与程序基础 / Legal Architecture
1958年领海声明把12海里领海制度适用于中国大陆、沿海岛屿以及东沙、西沙、中沙、南沙等岛屿，是中国（PRC）后来法律叙事中的早期基础。
The 1958 territorial sea declaration applied the 12-nautical-mile territorial sea system to the mainland, coastal islands, and the Dongsha, Xisha, Zhongsha, and Nansha groups, forming an early PRC legal anchor.
1992年法律规定领海、毗连区和外国军用船舶进入领海许可等制度，并将南海岛屿列入中国（PRC）的领土表述。
The 1992 law sets out territorial sea and contiguous zone rules, including authorization language for foreign military vessels entering the territorial sea, and lists South China Sea island groups in the PRC territorial formulation.
1996年中国（PRC）公布部分大陆领海基线和西沙群岛领海基线，同时全国人大常委会批准加入《联合国海洋法公约》。
In 1996 China (PRC) announced part of its mainland baselines and baselines around Xisha Qundao, and the NPC Standing Committee approved ratification of UNCLOS.
1998年法律建立专属经济区与大陆架制度，并保留中国（PRC）主张的历史性权利，这一条款在后续南海法律争论中频繁出现。
The 1998 act creates China (PRC)'s EEZ and continental shelf framework and preserves claimed historic rights, a provision repeatedly invoked in South China Sea legal debates.
中国（PRC）根据第298条排除海洋划界、历史性湾或历史性所有权、军事活动、执法活动等争端的强制程序；这是其反对菲律宾仲裁管辖权的程序性支柱。
China (PRC)'s Article 298 declaration excludes compulsory procedures for disputes concerning maritime delimitation, historic bays or titles, military activities, and law-enforcement activities. It is a procedural pillar of its objection to the Philippines arbitration.
2021年《海警法》把海上维权执法、资源开发利用、生态环境、渔业作业、犯罪侦查和武器警械使用纳入统一的海警法制框架。
The 2021 Coast Guard Law places maritime rights-protection enforcement, resource use, environmental protection, fisheries activity, criminal investigation, and use-of-force rules within a unified coast guard framework.
三、官方文件与关键行动 / Official Documents and Moves
向联合国秘书长提交CML/17/2009照会，反对马来西亚和越南大陆架外部界限联合提交，并附上传统上与断续线主张相关的地图。
Submitted Note Verbale CML/17/2009 to the UN Secretary-General objecting to the Malaysia-Viet Nam CLCS submission and attaching the map associated with the dashed-line claim.
CML/8/2011照会回应菲律宾，主张南沙群岛整体及相关海域权利，并把《领海及毗连区法》和《专属经济区和大陆架法》作为国内法基础。
Note CML/8/2011 responded to the Philippines, asserting rights over Nansha Islands and relevant waters and invoking the 1992 and 1998 national maritime laws.
设立三沙市及其行政机构，强化对西沙、中沙、南沙相关事务的国内行政管辖安排。
Established Sansha City and related administrative organs, strengthening the domestic governance architecture for Xisha, Zhongsha, and Nansha-related affairs.
菲律宾启动仲裁后，中国（PRC）采取“不接受、不参与”立场，并通过2014年管辖权立场文件、2015年管辖权裁决声明、2016年最终裁决声明和白皮书系统回应。
After the Philippines initiated arbitration, China (PRC) adopted a non-acceptance and non-participation position and responded through the 2014 position paper, 2015 jurisdiction statement, 2016 award statement, and 2016 white paper.
CML/42/2020照会在马来西亚2019年大陆架提交背景下重述“南海诸岛”、基于岛群的海域权利和历史性权利。
Note CML/42/2020, responding to Malaysia's 2019 CLCS submission, restated Nanhai Zhudao, maritime entitlements based on island groups, and historic rights.
外交部就菲律宾《海洋区域法》和《群岛海道法》发表声明，反对菲律宾以国内法固化其海洋主张和2016年仲裁结果。
MFA protested the Philippine Maritime Zones Act and Archipelagic Sea Lanes Act, opposing the use of domestic legislation to entrench Philippine maritime claims and the 2016 award.
外交部和中国海警继续通过王毅关于仲裁案的讲话、东盟-中国DOC会议、中菲海上事务对话、中马海上问题工作组、黄岩岛执法巡查等材料展示政策延续与国家实践。
MFA and CCG materials in 2025-2026 show policy continuity through Wang Yi's arbitration remarks, ASEAN-China DOC meetings, China-Philippines maritime dialogue, China-Malaysia working group activity, and Huangyan Dao patrol notices.
四、国家实践 / State Practice
通过联合国照会、外交部声明、发言人答问和双边交涉，对大陆架提交、他国国内立法、海上事件及域外联合声明作出法律和政治回应。
China (PRC) uses UN notes, MFA statements, spokesperson remarks, and bilateral démarches to respond to CLCS submissions, domestic legislation by other states, incidents at sea, and external joint statements.
行政区划、岛礁命名、地图发布、海域功能安排和生态保护区叙事，构成其把主权主张转化为国内治理实践的路径。
Administrative divisions, naming practices, maps, maritime functional arrangements, and ecological-protection narratives translate sovereignty claims into domestic governance practice.
中国海警以“维权执法”为核心术语，围绕黄岩岛、仁爱礁等争议区域发布巡查、驱离、救助、科考保障和生态保护信息。
China Coast Guard uses the language of rights-protection law enforcement around areas such as Huangyan Dao and Ren'ai Jiao, publishing patrol, expulsion, rescue, scientific-survey protection, and ecological-protection notices.
中国（PRC）继续把DOC落实、COC磋商、海上热线、双边海上问题对话和务实合作作为避免误判和展示区域主导权的制度工具。
China (PRC) uses DOC implementation, COC talks, maritime hotlines, bilateral maritime dialogues, and practical cooperation as institutional tools for risk reduction and regional agenda-setting.
五、资料库 / Source Library
Official PCA case page for the Philippines v. China (PRC) arbitration, including case materials and institutional details.
Jurisdictional award addressing admissibility, indispensable parties, preconditions to jurisdiction, and Article 298 limitations.
Final merits award addressing historic rights, feature status, Philippine sovereign rights, environmental harm, and dangerous vessel conduct.
Official PCA summary of the tribunal's conclusions in the 2016 South China Sea Arbitration award.
Political declaration committing parties to peaceful settlement, freedom of navigation and overflight, self-restraint, and confidence-building measures.
China (PRC)'s jurisdictional objections to the Philippines-initiated arbitration, arguing the tribunal lacked authority over the dispute.
Chinese government white paper restating sovereignty and maritime-rights positions and rejecting the validity of the arbitral award.
Official statement issued with the 2016 arbitral award restating China's claimed sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao, maritime zones, and historic rights.
MFA statement declaring the 2016 arbitral award null and void and rejecting claims or actions based on the award.
Official statement emphasizing bilateral negotiation and arguing that the Philippines breached prior dispute-management commitments by initiating arbitration.
MFA response to the U.S. Limits in the Seas No. 150 study, restating Chinese arguments on island-group treatment, historic rights, and negotiation.
Lengthy Chinese Society of International Law study hosted by MFA that critiques the 2016 arbitral awards on jurisdiction, fact-finding, and legal interpretation.
Official protest against Philippine maritime-zone and archipelagic sea-lanes legislation, including China's objections concerning Huangyan Dao and Nansha Qundao.
Foreign Minister Wang Yi's 2025 remarks reiterating China's non-recognition of the arbitral award and calling for DOC implementation and COC consultations.
UN state file collecting China (PRC)'s maritime-zone legislation and declarations relevant to the South China Sea.
Domestic law defining the territorial sea and contiguous zone framework and listing the South China Sea island groups among claimed Chinese territories.
Declaration announcing part of China's mainland territorial sea baselines and baselines around Xisha Qundao, the Paracel Islands.
PRC legislation setting out claimed EEZ and continental shelf rights and duties.
UN-circulated Chinese diplomatic note objecting to the Malaysia-Viet Nam extended continental shelf submission and attaching the map associated with the dashed-line claim.
Chinese diplomatic note asserting sovereignty over Nansha Islands and related maritime entitlements in response to a Philippine note.
UN-circulated Chinese note restating sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao, maritime entitlements based on those island groups, and historic rights in the South China Sea.
Chinese-language text of the Coast Guard Law, defining maritime rights-protection and law-enforcement duties of Chinese coast guard institutions.
Philippine statement announcing the initiation of Annex VII arbitration under UNCLOS.
Philippine official collection of statements, resources, FAQs, and international support materials on the West Philippine Sea and arbitral award.
Philippine statement reaffirming the role of the 2016 award and UNCLOS in Philippine maritime policy.
Vietnamese MFA statement asserting legal and historical bases for sovereignty over the Paracel and Spratly Islands.
Vietnamese statement recognizing the importance of UNCLOS and reaffirming Vietnam's positions on sovereignty and maritime zones.
Malaysian foreign ministry statement emphasizing peaceful settlement, constructive management, and international law.
Malaysia's partial extended continental shelf submission for the northern part of the South China Sea, triggering a major diplomatic-note exchange.
Joint extended continental shelf submission that helped generate the 2009 diplomatic-note round over South China Sea maritime claims.
Brunei statement emphasizing UNCLOS as the framework for maritime entitlements and calling for peaceful management of developments.
Taiwan MOFA page summarizing Taiwan claims, policy language, Taiping Island, and peaceful-settlement positions.
Claimant profile summarizing China (PRC)'s South China Sea claims, historical and legal bases, and relevant political statements.
Report tracking assertive behavior between China (PRC), the Philippines, and Vietnam and its implications for dispute dynamics.
Analysis of the HD-981 oil-rig incident and Vietnam's strategic adaptation toward China (PRC).
Comparative analysis of Chinese and Vietnamese maritime militias and their legal and operational functions.
Analysis of hydrocarbons, offshore blocks, and energy strategy in the dispute.
CSIS platform tracking maritime claims, outposts, incidents, arbitration positions, and geospatial data in maritime Asia.
Satellite imagery and outpost database for occupied reefs and islets across the South China Sea.
AMTI tracker for Chinese outposts in the Paracels, Spratlys, and Scarborough Shoal area.
Interactive map summarizing spatial implications of the 2016 arbitration outcomes.
Tracker of national positions on the 2016 arbitral award and whether states characterize it as legally binding.
Analysis of 2024 Philippine maritime legislation and Chinese responses in the broader clarification of maritime claims.
CSIS report separating territorial disputes from maritime entitlement disputes and clarifying UNCLOS-based limits.
Conflict tracker summarizing strategic stakes, claimant positions, resource interests, and escalation risks.
Crisis Group collection on South China Sea tensions, escalation risk, and conflict-prevention recommendations.
Conflict-prevention analysis focused on China (PRC)-Philippines tensions and options for reducing risks around maritime confrontations.
U.S. legal assessment of China (PRC)'s South China Sea maritime claims under international law.
Supplement to Limits in the Seas No. 150 collecting state practice and diplomatic responses to South China Sea claims.
Issue brief explaining the arbitral ruling, China (PRC)'s response, and likely policy implications.
Japanese defense briefing on Chinese activity, island construction, military facilities, and implications for regional security.
Legal overview of competing SCS claims, maritime features, and UNCLOS frameworks.
Foundational academic article explaining how UNCLOS structures maritime disputes in the South China Sea.
Academic defense and historical account of the nine-dash line, often read alongside critiques and the 2016 arbitral award.
Academic critique of expansive historic-rights claims under modern law of the sea.
Commentary analyzing China (PRC)'s jurisdictional objections in the arbitration and their implications.
Scholarly treatment of the arbitral award and its implications for law of the sea and regional practice.
Scholarly assessment of the legal and political value of the arbitral award after issuance.
Perspective paper on China (PRC)'s use of legal argument and state practice after the 2016 award.
Policy report taking stock of the dispute through Southeast Asian claimant perspectives.
Policy report on U.S.-Philippines security management and escalation risks in recent maritime confrontations.
Interactive reference for sovereignty, sovereign rights, jurisdiction, and related South China Sea dispute dynamics.
Interactive timeline of major maritime law-enforcement incidents in the South China Sea from 2010 onward.
MFA department page collecting boundary and ocean affairs activities and policy/legal-position materials, including recent South China Sea diplomacy.
MFA account of the first China-Malaysia working-group meeting under their bilateral dialogue on managing maritime issues in the South China Sea.
MFA statement on a January 2026 China-Philippines dialogue in Cebu addressing maritime affairs and continued diplomatic communication.
MFA account of the January 2026 ASEAN-China senior officials' meeting on DOC implementation and the roadmap for the next COC consultation.
China Coast Guard article marking five years of the Coast Guard Law and summarizing regular rights-protection patrols and maritime law-enforcement practice.
Bilingual China Coast Guard notice reporting June 2026 law-enforcement patrols in the territorial sea of Huangyan Dao and surrounding areas.
Edited collection presenting Chinese and related perspectives on jurisdictional and merits issues in the Philippines-China (PRC) arbitration.
Working paper version of a chapter analyzing possible jurisdictional and admissibility obstacles in the South China Sea arbitration.
Edited expert volume on jurisdiction, procedure, maritime entitlement, environmental protection, and legal reasoning in the 2016 arbitration.
Interdisciplinary edited volume on sovereignty claims, regional cooperation, security dynamics, and conflict risks in the South China Sea.
Handbook surveying legal, political, security, environmental, and resource dimensions of South China Sea issues.
Monograph on UNCLOS dispute settlement, law, and politics in the South China Sea, with attention to China's legal and diplomatic positions.
Edited book on recent dispute dynamics and the possibility of joint development as a practical management mechanism.
Edited volume in the Contemporary Issues in the South China Sea series on UNCLOS interpretation, historic title and rights, due regard, and peaceful settlement.
Monograph tracing historical narratives, regional claim-making, and power politics around the South China Sea disputes.
Survey article on the development, achievements, limits, and prospects of South China Sea studies in China.
Frequently cited article on the historical and legal meaning of the dotted line on Chinese maps of the South China Sea.
《中国法学》论文，从国际法角度论述南海问题、南海断续线和历史性权利等核心争点。
《中国法学》论文，讨论历史性权利的内涵及其在中国南海主张中的作用。
《中国法学》论文，提出南海断续线的性质及线内水域法律地位的解释框架。
中文期刊论文，比较历史性水域、疆域线和岛屿归属线三种解释南海断续线法律地位的路径。
中文文献综述，梳理国内外学者关于南海断续线法律地位的主要观点和分歧。
中文期刊论文，考察南海断续线形成过程、地图实践及其历史含义。
中国国际法学会中文研究报告，对南海仲裁案管辖权、事实认定和法律适用作系统批判。
中文修订版著作，从历史、法理和国际政治等方面介绍南海问题的由来与发展。
面向中菲南海争议和仲裁背景的中文著作，梳理中国主张的历史、法理依据和不接受仲裁立场。
中国法学网刊载的研究文章，讨论南海仲裁案之后中国法律应对的关键问题。
以南海仲裁案等为背景，讨论领土主权、海洋划界和公约解释适用交织时的管辖权问题。
Foundational article arguing that maritime security practice in the South China Sea is shaped not only by material power but also by legal argument, legal justification, and competing rule-of-law narratives.
Policy report on how disputes over freedom of navigation, naval operations, and UNCLOS interpretations can become lawfare when legal positions are folded into strategic signaling.
Short analysis emphasizing that not every strategic use of law is abusive, and that legal tools can clarify claims, constrain coercion, and shape dispute-settlement incentives.
Regional expert report comparing how the Philippines, Vietnam, and Indonesia use international law, dispute settlement, diplomatic protest, and ASEAN mechanisms as strategic tools in response to Chinese pressure.
Article framing the law of the sea as a battleground for Sino-American legal warfare and connecting legal interpretation to balance-of-power dynamics.
Book-length treatment of lawfulness and legal warfare in the South China Sea, including legal techniques within cognitive and hybrid warfare contexts.
Naval Law Review article comparing Chinese and U.S. lawfare strategies, including historic-rights claims, the nine-dash line, U.S. FONOPs, and alliance-based legal signaling.
AJIL analysis of PRC gray-zone operations that exploit or create legal uncertainty, with the nine-dash line and ambiguous maritime claims treated as operational tools.
Early dedicated study of China and South China Sea lawfare, widely cited in later scholarship on legal warfare and the nine-dash line.
Article interpreting the 2016 award as a Philippine lawfare strategy against Chinese realpolitik, useful for comparing litigation as strategy with coercive state practice.
Journal article focused on China's lawfare strategy and its implications for global commons governance and the law of the sea.
Broad article on the escalation of lawfare, including U.S.-China legal battles connected to the South China Sea and the arbitration brought by a U.S. treaty ally.
Lawfare discussion of the "Four Sha" framing as a possible legal re-articulation of Chinese claims after criticism of the nine-dash line.
Lawfare analysis of Vietnam's possible use of litigation to clarify resource rights, relieve domestic pressure, and improve bargaining leverage in bilateral and ASEAN-China settings.
Pre-award commentary skeptical that litigation alone could deter China, useful for showing the debate over lawfare's strategic limits before the 2016 award.
Post-award commentary from a Chinese legal perspective presenting the contest over the award's legal effect as lawfare between China and the United States and its partners.
Analysis of China's annual fishing bans as a legal and political tool that appears regulatory while reinforcing contested maritime control.
Law-of-the-sea blog note tracking China's 2024 Scarborough Shoal baseline announcement and the Philippine diplomatic protest that followed.
News account of China's 2024 publication of Scarborough Shoal baselines two days after Philippine maritime-zone legislation, showing legal instruments used in a rapid claim-counterclaim sequence.
Lawfare explainer on the 2016 award, summarizing how the tribunal treated the nine-dash line, feature status, Philippine sovereign rights, environmental harm, and navigational safety.
Commentary connecting legal warfare with public-opinion and psychological warfare under the PRC's three-warfares framework in the South China Sea.
Proceedings article explaining public-opinion, psychological, and legal warfare as mutually reinforcing information tools, with South China Sea examples.
Article analyzing whether maritime incidents in the South China Sea should be characterized as law enforcement, use of force, or something in between, a core issue in legal framing of gray-zone conduct.
Focused legal analysis of islands, rocks, and low-tide elevations after the South China Sea arbitration, central to Article 121 and feature-status debates.
Environmental and legal study of coral reef damage and overfishing, relevant to the arbitration's marine-environment findings and regional peace proposals.
Examines the legal finality of UNCLOS awards and the compliance problem after China (PRC)'s rejection and the Philippines' shifting political posture.
Dispute-resolution analysis of the South China Sea tribunal awards, useful for assessing the case's procedural and institutional significance.
Open-access assessment of the jurisdiction and admissibility award in light of China's Article 298 declaration and objections to the proceedings.
Critical discussion of jurisdiction and rule-of-law questions raised by the arbitration, representing an important Chinese international-law perspective.
Open-access critique of the tribunal's jurisdictional reasoning, often cited in debates over the legal limits of the Philippines v. China case.
Detailed observations on jurisdiction and admissibility, expanding Talmon's critique of the legal architecture of the arbitration.
Assessment of the arbitral awards' principal findings, including historic rights, feature status, environmental duties, and implications for the law of the sea.
Analyzes how the arbitration affected Taiwan's position, especially the treatment of Taiping Island and the legal-political consequences of Taiwan's exclusion.
Chapter arguing that threshold jurisdictional issues constrained the tribunal and shaped the arbitration's legal significance.
Argues for broader universalization of law-of-the-sea norms in the dispute and examines how UNCLOS can structure legal expectations among claimants.
Assesses whether joint hydrocarbon development remains legally and politically viable after the 2016 award clarified maritime entitlements.
Open-access study proposing area-based management measures as a practical path for environmental cooperation in contested South China Sea spaces.
Analyzes the USS Lassen freedom-of-navigation operation and argues for clarity in operational legal signaling in contested maritime zones.
Recent article proposing ways for a South China Sea Code of Conduct to address freedom of navigation without undermining UNCLOS rights.
Recent political-science article treating U.S. FONOPs as foreign-policy signals and explaining why their meaning can become ambiguous in the South China Sea.
Open-access article asking what strategic dynamics underlie recurring crises in the South China Sea, useful for linking legal disputes to security incentives.
Peer-reviewed account of U.S. diplomacy and conflict management in the South China Sea during the period of rising post-2009 tensions.
Edited volume collecting political, legal, and regional analyses of the maritime dispute and its implications for Asia-Pacific security.
Edited volume on policy perspectives, international law, UNCLOS, conflict management, and maritime order in the South China Sea.
Edited volume exploring normative ordering, dispute management, environmental cooperation, food security, FONOPs, and institutional options.
CSIS edited report with diplomatic, legal, and security essays that remains a useful baseline for pre-award South China Sea analysis.
Edited volume on origins, legal dimensions, ASEAN diplomacy, claimant perspectives, and future approaches to the South China Sea disputes.
Large edited volume on territorial disputes, claimant strategies, major-power politics, and the strategic geography of the South China Sea.
Theoretical treatment of China's maritime disputes, including the South China Sea, with attention to domestic politics, nationalism, and strategic incentives.
Monograph arguing that China's South China Sea policy reflects the interaction between law-of-the-sea developments and regional geopolitical change.
Vietnam-focused monograph on territoriality, history, and the Paracel and Spratly disputes, translated and edited for English-language readers.
Book-length legal analysis of the South China Sea arbitration and its contribution to international legal order in the oceans.
Edited volume on major legal and policy issues, including historic rights, maritime boundary delimitation, navigation, and Taiwan's role.
Crisis Group report on competing order narratives and the strategic dilemma facing claimants and external powers in the South China Sea.
Country-focused report on Manila's post-award strategic choices, alliance management, and options for managing tensions with China (PRC).
Report explaining Vietnam's balancing of cooperation, legal options, diplomacy, and deterrence in the South China Sea.
Early Crisis Group report on regional responses by Southeast Asian claimants to the intensifying South China Sea dispute.
Report on hydrocarbon resources, energy diplomacy, and conflict-management challenges in disputed South China Sea waters.
RAND report on PRC maritime gray-zone tactics and potential countermeasures, relevant to coast guard, militia, and coercion debates.
Follow-on RAND report on how regional states and the United States can respond to Chinese gray-zone pressure in the South China Sea and nearby waters.
Conference report with chapters on maritime disputes, Taiwan's initiatives, mutual non-denial, and legal aspects of East and South China Sea tensions.
RAND planning paper using Scarborough Shoal as a contingency scenario for coercion, escalation management, and alliance response.
Concise RAND analysis of the People's Armed Forces Maritime Militia and its role in changing facts at sea below the threshold of armed conflict.
中文述评文章，围绕《美国国际法杂志》南海专题中的仲裁、历史性权利和海洋法争议展开评论。
以上海国际问题研究院转载资料为入口的中文论文，从南海仲裁案角度分析中国南海历史性权利。
中文法理分析，以笔谈形式集中呈现中国学界和官方法律界对菲律宾提起仲裁的批评性观点。
从国际法、国际关系和国家利益三重视角分析南海仲裁案及其对中国争端解决立场的影响。
讨论历史性所有权与历史性权利在《联合国海洋法公约》中的地位，并评析菲律宾在仲裁中的相关主张。
中文论文，从低潮高地自然属性、占有问题和海域划界关联角度评析南海仲裁案中的相关诉求。
分析南海仲裁案中涉及低潮高地的管辖权和可受理性问题，强调领土主权和海洋划界争端的先决性。
评述《联合国海洋法公约》附件七仲裁程序，并结合南海仲裁案讨论强制程序与第298条例外。
繁体中文学位论文，以南海仲裁案为例，从国际法和岛屿制度角度讨论南海岛礁争议及台湾政策。
繁体中文论文，从新港/政策法学派视角分析台湾在菲中南海仲裁案中的国际法地位与参与者地位。
中文评论文章，集中表达裁决无效、无约束力的中国国际法学者立场，可与英文CJIL论文对读。
中文论文，围绕U型线内历史性权利的维护问题梳理概念、争议和南海仲裁案后的法律讨论。